What is the process by which a hazardous chemical moves through a given material on a molecular level called?

Permeation is the process by which a hazardous chemical moves through a given material on a molecular level. This phenomenon involves the transport of molecules through a medium, which can occur when the chemical interacts with the material at its surface and then moves through its structure.

In the context of hazardous materials, understanding permeation is crucial for determining how substances may leak through protective gear or containment systems, posing risks to safety and health. This process is influenced by factors such as temperature, pressure, and the chemical nature of both the hazardous material and the barrier.

Other related processes, such as diffusion, absorption, and evaporation, have distinct definitions and applications. Diffusion generally refers to the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration but does not necessarily imply movement through a material’s structure. Absorption involves the uptake of a substance into a material, rather than its passage through. Evaporation is the transition from a liquid to a gas phase and does not pertain to the movement through a solid or liquid. Understanding the specific characteristics of permeation is essential in fields such as environmental safety, industrial hygiene, and emergency response.